Mental health problems increase and do not improve after medical transition.

In a nationwide Finnish study, 45.7% of adolescents referred to gender identity services had received specialist psychiatric treatment prior to referral, compared with 15.0% of matched controls. This rose to 61.7% during follow-up, with no evidence that medical transition reduced psychiatric treatment needs, and in some groups treatment needs increased markedly.

Ruuska, S.-M., Tuisku, K., Holttinen, T., and Kaltiala, R. (2026). “Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults Who Contacted Specialised Gender Identity Services in Finland in 1996–2019: A Register Study,” Acta Paediatrica: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.70533.