In the United Kingdom, referrals of female individuals under 18 increased by more than 6,900% (a nearly 70-fold increase) between 2009 and 2016, with a further 100% increase between 2020 and 2022

Data from the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) at the Tavistock Clinic in London showed sharp increases in referrals for adolescents with gender dysphoria over the past decade. The Zepf et al. (2024) systematic review similarly documents substantial increases in adolescent referrals across several European countries. The increase has been particularly pronounced among adolescent females, who have shifted from being a historically rare presentation to the most commonly referred cohort over the past fifteen years.

^{Zepf, F.D. et al. (2024). Beyond NICE: Aktualisierte systematische Übersicht zur Evidenzlage der Pubertätsblockade und Hormongabe bei Minderjährigen mit Geschlechtsdysphorie. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 1–21. DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000972
PDF: Full paper PDF}