All-cause mortality is higher for women taking testosterone than for women in general.

Cross-Sex Hormones   Females   Hormones   Mortality   Testosterone  

A retrospective cohort study1 of patients at an Amsterdam gender clinic found that all-cause mortality increased for females receiving testosterone and continued to increase over time. Women taking testosterone had an overall Standard Mortality Ratio (SMR) of 1.8 compared to women in general. Deaths from non-natural causes were especially high.

  1. de Blok CJ, Wiepjes CM, van Velzen DM, Staphorsius AS, Nota NM, Gooren LJ, Kreukels BP, den Heijer M. Mortality trends over five decades in adult transgender people receiving hormone treatment: a report from the Amsterdam cohort of gender dysphoria. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2021 Oct;9(10):663-670. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00185-6. Epub 2021 Sep 2. PMID: 34481559. ↩︎
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