All systematic reviews carried out on the treatment of puberty blockers on minors found no robust evidence that puberty blockers improve key psychological outcomes

Across systematic reviews of puberty blockers for minors, key clinical outcomes including gender dysphoria, quality of life, and body image showed no consistent or statistically significant improvements. Reported psychosocial benefits were inconsistent and difficult to distinguish from baseline differences or comparison conditions. Overall, the evidence base was rated as “very low certainty,” indicating substantial uncertainty regarding the reliability of the reported effects.

^{Zepf, F.D. et al. (2024). Beyond NICE: Aktualisierte systematische Übersicht zur Evidenzlage der Pubertätsblockade und Hormongabe bei Minderjährigen mit Geschlechtsdysphorie. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 1-21. DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000972‘}

_{^{National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2020). Evidence review: Gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues for children and adolescents with gender dysphoria.}}

^{NICE evidence review}

^{U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Population Affairs. (2025). Treatment for Pediatric Gender Dysphoria: Review of Evidence and Best Practices. Washington, DC.}

^{URL: HHS Gender Dysphoria Report}

^{PDF: Full Report PDF}

^{Executive Summary: Executive Summary PDF}

^{Zepf, F.D. et al. (2024). Beyond NICE: Aktualisierte systematische Übersicht zur Evidenzlage der Pubertätsblockade und Hormongabe bei Minderjährigen mit Geschlechtsdysphorie. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 1-21. DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000972}

^{PDF: Full paper PDF}