In a nationwide study of all under-23-year-old individuals referred to a gender clinic, psychiatric treatment needs increased following medical transition, with rates three to six times higher than in matched controls.

In a Finnish nationwide cohort of adolescents referred to a gender clinic, those who underwent medical transition showed substantial increases in specialist psychiatric treatment during follow-up. After adjusting for prior mental health problems, they remained three to six times more likely to require psychiatric care than matched controls, with no clear reduction associated with transition.

Ruuska, S.-M., Tuisku, K., Holttinen, T., and Kaltiala, R. (2026). “Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults Who Contacted Specialised Gender Identity Services in Finland in 1996–2019: A Register Study,” Acta Paediatrica: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.70533.