In a Finnish nationwide study of 2,083 gender-referred youth, 77% were biological females, often with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity.

In a nationwide Finnish study of 2,083 individuals under 23 referred to a gender clinic between 1996 and 2019, 77% were biological females. Female adolescents showed the highest rates of prior specialist psychiatric treatment, reaching up to 65% before referral. Psychiatric comorbidity remained high during follow-up, regardless of whether they underwent medical transition.

Ruuska, S.-M., Tuisku, K., Holttinen, T., and Kaltiala, R. (2026). “Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults Who Contacted Specialised Gender Identity Services in Finland in 1996–2019: A Register Study,” Acta Paediatrica: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.70533.