Males on feminizing hormones face over double the risk of kidney stones.

A 2025 analysis¹ of NIH medical records found that 10.3% of males on feminizing hormone therapy developed kidney stones, compared to 4.8% of those not on hormones. The risk was especially elevated for those on both estrogen and antiandrogens, with odds more than 2.5 times higher.

1. Frangopoulos, E., Savin, Z., Gupta, K., Durbhakula, V., Gallante, B., Atallah, W. M., & Gupta, M. (2025). Increased Risk of Kidney Stones in Transgender Women and Gender-Diverse Adults on Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: Insights from a Large Database Study. Journal of Endourology. ↩︎